Introduction to ASTM A423 Grade 3 Low Alloy Steel Pipe

ASTM A423 Grade 3 is a low alloy steel pipe designed for use in pressure-bearing components, such as economizers, where corrosion resistance and mechanical strength are essential. This specification covers both seamless and resistance-welded pipes with minimum wall thickness, making it suitable for various industrial applications.

The standard, ASTM A423: Standard Specification for Seamless and Electrically Welded Low Alloy Steel Pipes, outlines the requirements for these types of pipes, ensuring they meet specific quality and performance criteria. The material is commonly used in environments where durability and resistance to wear are important factors.

ASTM A423 Grade 3 steel pipes are typically available in sizes ranging from 1/2 to 5 inches (12.7 to 127 mm) in outside diameter, with wall thicknesses between 0.035 and 0.500 inches (0.9 to 12.7 mm). These dimensions make them ideal for a wide range of engineering and industrial applications.

Production Process: ASTM A423 Grade 3 pipes can be manufactured using either a seamless process or an electric resistance welding method. Both techniques offer different advantages, with seamless pipes often preferred for high-pressure environments due to their superior structural integrity.

Heat Treatment: To ensure optimal mechanical properties, ASTM A423 Grade 3 pipes must be normalized or subjected to a similar heat treatment process. This helps improve the material's strength, toughness, and overall performance under stress.

Carbon, max 0.06
Manganese 0.70-1.40
Phosphorus 0.020 max
Sulfur, max 0.020
Silicon 0.55 max
Copper 0.25-0.45
Chromium —
Nickel 0.50 max
Molybdenum 0.20 max
Antimony 0.05–0.15
Mechanical Properties
  Grade 3
Tensile strength, min. ksi 55 [380]
Yield strength, min, ksi [MPa] 33 [230]
Elongation in 2 in. or 50 mm. min, % 35
For longitudinal strip tests, a deduction for each 1/32 in. [0.6 mm] decrease in wall thickness below 5/16 in. [8 mm] from the basic minimum elongation of the following percentage points shall be made 1.25 A
Hardness 170 HB

Calculated elongation requirements should be rounded to the nearest whole number. These specifications ensure that ASTM A423 Grade 3 pipes meet the necessary standards for strength, ductility, and reliability in demanding environments. Whether used in power plants, chemical processing units, or other industrial settings, this grade of steel provides a balance of performance and cost-effectiveness.

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