Progress and Prospect of Grain Drying Technology in China
During the "10th Five-Year Plan" period, China significantly enhanced its grain drying infrastructure by establishing 187 fully equipped drying facilities in key high-moisture maize production regions, including the three northeastern provinces and eastern Inner Mongolia. These facilities added a new drying capacity of 5.3 million tons per year, substantially boosting the state-owned grain storage capacity to approximately 30 million tons annually. In addition, various technical measures were introduced to improve both the efficiency and quality of grain drying, which helped maintain and enhance the overall quality of stored grains.
However, during the corn storage process, several unfavorable factors can lead to damage in dried corn, such as breakage caused by mechanical drying. This negatively affects the quality and reduces the marketable quantity of corn. As a result, users of dryers have increasingly focused on the post-drying quality of the grain. Common strategies include lowering the temperature of hot air, slowing down the drying rate, and minimizing internal stress and cracking in the corn. These adjustments help reduce damage during transportation and handling. Through extensive field testing, improvements were made to auxiliary equipment, such as reducing conveyor belt speed, modifying bucket elevator structures, and optimizing the layout of the conveying system. These changes effectively improved the performance and reduced grain loss.
Despite these advancements, challenges remain in China's grain drying technology. For instance, there is an uneven distribution of drying facilities, with insufficient infrastructure in major rice and rapeseed-producing areas in the south. Additionally, the scientific approach to constructing these facilities is still underdeveloped. Grain drying quality needs further improvement, and the development of drying and heating technologies has been relatively slow. Energy efficiency remains low, and there is a lack of effective dust removal systems for drying processes, leading to ongoing issues with dust pollution.
These problems continue to hinder the progress of the grain storage and processing industry in China, but they also present opportunities for innovation in the drying equipment manufacturing sector. In recent years, both international and domestic researchers have placed great emphasis on the advancement of grain drying technology. Experts like Dirk Maier from Purdue University and Bakker-Arkema from Michigan State University have predicted future trends, highlighting four key directions: specialization of drying techniques, intelligent control systems, diversification of energy sources, and cleaner drying environments.
From a global perspective and in alignment with China's specific conditions, these "four modernizations" remain fundamental principles for grain drying research and development. Over the next five to ten years, China is expected to see rapid progress in several key areas, including the development of scientific models and appropriate technologies for southern grain drying facilities, "precision" drying methods, advanced ventilation systems, energy-saving and biomass energy utilization, intelligent control systems, and efficient dust removal solutions for drying operations.
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