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Arduino DUE was the first Arduino board to feature a 32-bit ARM microprocessor, specifically the Atmel SAM3X8E ARM Cortex-M3. It operates at 84 MHz, which is significantly faster than other boards like the 8-bit ATmega328p that typically run at 16 MHz. This enhanced speed makes it more powerful and suitable for complex projects that require high processing power, large memory capacity, and numerous input/output pins. The board can operate with a 9V battery, making it versatile for various applications.
Released in October 2012, the Arduino DUE was designed as an accessible platform for both beginners and experienced users. Unlike the 8-bit boards that were limited in handling high-speed data and memory, the DUE excels in complex projects requiring fast processing and advanced coding capabilities.
This article covers the DUE's datasheet, specifications, key features, pinout, IDE, and applications. It also includes setup instructions and a comparison with other Arduino boards. Let’s dive into the details.
[Image: Arduino DUE Pinout, Datasheet, Features, IDE and Simulation]
### Datasheet of Arduino DUE:
The Arduino DUE stands out among other Arduino boards due to its unique and advanced features. Below are some of its key characteristics:
| Characteristics | Description |
|------------------|-------------|
| Microprocessor | Atmel SAM3X8E ARM Cortex-M3 |
| Processor Speed | 84 MHz |
| Flash Memory | 256 KB |
| SRAM | 96 KB |
| EEPROM | Emulated via flash |
| Operating Voltage | 3.3V |
| Digital I/O Pins | 54 (12 of which are PWM) |
| Analog Input | 12 (12-bit resolution) |
| Analog Output | 2 (for true analog output) |
| Communication Protocols | UART (4 ports), I²C, SPI, USB OTG |
| USB | USB OTG (On-The-Go), USB programming port |
| Power Input Range | 7-12V (via power jack or Vin pin) |
| Datasheet | SAM3X8E Datasheet (Microchip) |
### Arduino DUE Pinout:
[Image: Arduino DUE Pinout, Datasheet, Features, IDE and Simulation]
[Image: Arduino DUE Pinout, Datasheet, Features, IDE and Simulation]
| Pin Type | Pins | Details |
|----------------|-----------|---------|
| Digital I/O Pins | 0-53 | 54 digital I/O pins, 12 of which support PWM |
| PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) | Pins 2–13 | Enable simulated analog output using digital pins |
| Analog Input Pins | A0–A11 | 12 analog input pins (12-bit resolution) |
| Analog Output (DAC) | DAC0, DAC1 | Two 12-bit DAC pins for true analog output |
| Protocol Pins | TX0/RX0 (0,1), TX1/RX1 (19,18), TX2/RX2 (17,16), TX3/RX3 (15,14) | Four UART serial communication ports |
| I²C (SDA/SCL) | 20 (SDA), 21 (SCL) | Dedicated pins for I²C connection |
| SPI | 74 (SPI Header) | Connects via a 6-pin header (MISO, MOSI, SCK, SS) |
| USB | Native USB, Programming USB | USB OTG port for accurate communication; programming port for uploading sketches |
| Power Pins | VIN, 3.3V, 5V, GND | VIN (external power input, 7-12V), regulated 3.3V and 5V output pins, and ground (GND) |
| Reset Pin | RESET | Resets the board, restarting the uploaded sketch |
| AREF (Analog Reference) | AREF | Sets the reference voltage for analog inputs |
### Features of Arduino DUE:
#### Processor:
The DUE uses the ARM Cortex-M3 core, which allows it to perform 32-bit data processing efficiently. It is ideal for tasks requiring high precision and fast mathematical operations. The low power consumption of the ARM Cortex-M3 makes it efficient for complex and demanding tasks.
#### Memory:
The DUE has a substantial amount of memory, divided into three parts:
- **Flash Memory**: 256 KB, used for storing programs and libraries.
- **SRAM**: 96 KB, used for temporary storage during program execution.
- **EEPROM**: Emulated through flash memory, allowing non-volatile data storage.
#### Voltage:
The DUE operates at 3.3V, making it compatible with modern sensors and devices that work at this voltage. Connecting 5V directly to the DUE without level shifting may damage the board.
#### Variety of I/O Pins:
- **Digital I/O Pins**: 54 total, with 12 supporting PWM.
- **Analog Inputs**: 12 pins (A0–A11) with 12-bit resolution.
- **Analog Outputs**: 2 DAC pins (DAC0 and DAC1) with 12-bit resolution.
#### High Precision:
With 12-bit resolution on its analog inputs, the DUE provides highly accurate readings, making it suitable for scientific research, environmental monitoring, and signal processing.
### Arduino DUE IDE and Simulation:
#### Arduino IDE:
The Arduino IDE is user-friendly and supports both beginners and experts. It offers code editing, compiling, and uploading capabilities.
**Features:**
- **Code Editor**: Simple editor for writing C/C++ code.
- **Library Manager**: Built-in library management.
- **Serial Monitor**: Real-time data communication for debugging.
- **Examples and Tutorials**: Preloaded examples and tutorials to help users get started quickly.
**Setup for Arduino DUE:**
1. Install Arduino IDE from the official website.
2. Open the IDE and select "Arduino DUE" from the Board menu.
3. Connect the DUE via USB and select the correct port.
4. Write your code and click "Upload" to send it to the board.
**Pros:**
- Easy to use for beginners.
- Wide community support and available libraries.
- Compatible with Windows, macOS, and Linux.
**Cons:**
- Limited debugging tools.
- Lacks advanced features.
- No auto-complete or code suggestions.
### Simulation for Arduino DUE:
Simulating the Arduino DUE allows testing of code and circuits before building physical prototypes. This reduces the need for hardware components and simplifies troubleshooting.
#### Proteus Design Suite:
Proteus is a powerful tool for simulating Arduino DUE and other Arduino boards. It enables detailed circuit design and simulation of both software and hardware.
**Features:**
- Design detailed circuits.
- Full simulation of Arduino DUE.
- Interactive debugging with breakpoints and variable inspection.
- Extensive library of components including sensors, motors, and displays.
**How to Use:**
1. Download Proteus and create a new project.
2. Select the DUE from the library and add it to the schematic.
3. Connect components in the virtual schematic.
4. Import code from the IDE or write it within Proteus.
5. Run the simulation to test the code and circuit.
**Pros:**
- Extensive flexibility.
- Unique debugging tools.
- Accurate simulation for complex projects.
- Ideal for prototyping and professional use.
**Cons:**
- Paid software with cost restrictions.
- Steep learning curve for beginners.
### Applications of Arduino DUE:
#### Robotics and Automation:
The DUE is widely used in robotics and automation systems such as robotic arms, autonomous vehicles, and industrial automation due to its ability to control multiple components and process data in real-time.
#### IoT Projects:
It handles multiple communication protocols, making it ideal for IoT applications that involve collecting and processing data from various sensors.
#### Scientific and Environmental Research:
The DUE is used in biological labs, physics experiments, and environmental monitoring systems for precise data logging and analysis.
#### Home Automation:
It is commonly used in home automation systems for security, lighting control, and integration of sensors and actuators.
#### Audio Processing:
The DUE is used in audio applications such as sound synthesis, audio effects, and digital music instruments.
### Conclusion:
In the Arduino ecosystem, the Arduino DUE is a versatile and powerful microcontroller board featuring a 32-bit ARM Cortex-M3 processor. It operates at 84 MHz, offering high performance for complex projects. With large memory capacity, extensive I/O pins, and support for advanced features, the DUE is ideal for applications such as environmental monitoring, scientific research, robotics, IoT, home automation, and industrial automation. While it has some limitations, understanding its features and capabilities allows users to leverage its power effectively in various projects.