Analysis of Germplasm Resources in China

Germplasm resources are also called genetic resources. Germplasm refers to the genetic material passed from the parent to the offspring of the crop, and it is often found in specific varieties. For example, old local breeds, newly cultivated popular varieties, important genetic materials and wild relatives belong to the range of germplasm resources. The germplasm resource bank is used to preserve germplasm resources, and the structure has advanced thermal insulation and moisture-removing structure and air-conditioning equipment. It maintains a low-temperature and dry environment all year round, slows down the metabolism of seeds, and extends the lifespan of seeds, so that the seeds are still not available for several to nearly 100 years. Loss of hereditary and germinating ability.

To date, more than 500 germplasm resource banks have been established in the world and more than 1.8 million germplasm resources have been collected. Among them, there are 1.2 million cereals, 350,000 pulses, 80,000 roots and 200,000 feeds. Founded in the 80s in the United States in the Fort Collins, Colorado, genebank, it is the world's largest collection of germplasm, collecting over 200,000 germplasms. The National Germplasm Bank of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Beijing has collected more than 330,000 germplasms. The genebank has laid a rich material foundation for the study of the origin and evolution of crops and for the cultivation of new varieties of crops.

The National Germplasm Bank of China was established in the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in October 1986 and is part of the Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources. Its capacity can save more than 400,000 germplasms. Germplasm storage conditions: temperature -18 °C ± 1 °C, relative humidity less than 50%. The national germplasm conservation target is the germplasm resources of crops and their close wild plants. These resources use seeds as the carrier of germplasm, and their seeds can withstand low temperature and dryness and dehydration. The establishment of a crop germplasm resource bank has led to unprecedented changes and advances in China's agricultural production. Some crops use hybrid advantages to achieve world-leading levels. In addition, other biotechnologies, such as radiation mutagenesis and chemical mutagenesis, All make use of the genebank. Therefore, it is very necessary to establish and improve the database of crop germplasm resources.

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