Beneficiation test study of a low grade copper oxide ore

Our country is a national shortage of copper metal, according to the prediction of mineral resources and the current development rate, by 2020, will be a serious shortage of copper resources. Although China's copper metal reserves have more than 60 million tons, but rich in ore, rich in ore, low ore grade, less copper sulfide resources, and copper demand is increasing, the problem of copper oxide treatment has changed It has become increasingly prominent. At present, in the world copper deposits, mixed ore and oxidized ore account for 10% to 15%, and its reserves account for about 25% of the total copper metal reserves. Among the copper resources in China, copper oxide ore also plays an important role. In addition to the oxidation zone on most copper sulfide deposits, there are also huge independent copper oxide deposits. Therefore, the research on the ore dressing of copper oxide ore is of great significance.

First, the nature of the ore

The multi-element analysis results of the ore are shown in Table 1, and the phase analysis results of copper are shown in Table 2.

Table 1 Results of multi-element chemical analysis of ore

Note: The unit grade of Au and Ag is g/t.

Table 2 Copper phase analysis results

(1) The test ore sample contains 0.68% copper and 10.3 g/t silver . The main metal minerals in the ore are cuprite and malachite. Gangue minerals quartz, dolomite, white mica, calcite-based. The copper sulfide minerals in the ore accounted for 4.41%, and the rest were copper oxide, accounting for 95.59%.

(2) The combined copper oxide in the ore accounts for 26.47%, which is not optional copper, which may affect the recovery rate of copper.

(3) The ore oxidation rate is as high as 95.59%, which belongs to oxidized ore.

(4) Since the ore is an oxidized ore, the minerals such as copper sulphide in the ore are in the process of further oxidation, and the surface activity of the mineral is different from that of the fresh copper sulphide, which has a certain influence on the flotation.

(5) The malachite in the ore is mainly produced in the form of aggregates in the form of aggregates, which is prone to muddy when crushed, which will have an adverse effect on flotation.

Second, experimental research

Detailed process mineralogical studies on the ore samples show that the target mineral for beneficiation is copper; while the copper grade is low and the oxidation rate is high; copper is selected while considering the recovery of the associated valuable element silver. The principle flow of the flotation test is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Principle of flotation test principle

(1) Experimental study on the types and dosages of activators

The type and amount of activator were mainly studied. The activator of copper oxide ore flotation mainly consisted of sodium sulfide and D ₂ . According to the principle of flotation test, the amount of activator and copper were obtained when the grinding fineness was -74μm 70%. The relationship between grade and recovery of concentrate is shown in Figures 2 and 3.

Figure 2 Relationship between the amount of sodium sulfide as activator and copper concentrate grade and recovery

Figure 3 Relationship between the amount of activator D ₂ and copper concentrate grade and recovery

It can be seen from Fig. 2 that the grade and recovery rate of the copper concentrate obtained when the amount of sodium sulfide is 800+400 g/t is relatively high, so the amount of sodium sulfide as the activator is 800+400 g/t.

It can be seen from Fig. 3 that the grade and recovery of the copper concentrate obtained when the amount of D ₂ is 300+150 g/t is relatively high, so the amount of D ₂ as an activator is 300+150 g/t.

It can be obtained from Table 3 that the activator has better sodium sulfide effect and the concentrate grade and recovery index are relatively high, and the dosage is 800+400g/t.

Table 3 Comparison of indicators of activators

(II) Experimental study on the types and dosages of collectors

According to the principle of flotation test, the grinding fineness is 70% at 74μm, and the comparison results of the amount of collector and type test indicators are shown in Table 4.

Table 4 Comparison of indicators of collectors

It can be seen from Table 4 that the collector has a better effect on the selection of butyl sodium xanthate, and the grade and recovery index of the concentrate is relatively high, and the dosage is 100+50 g/t.

(III) Experimental study on grinding fineness conditions

According to the principle of flotation test, the amount of sodium sulfide of activator is 800+400g/t, and the amount of grinding agent butyl sodium yellow is 100+50g/t. The relationship between grinding fineness and copper concentrate grade and recovery rate is shown in the figure. 4.

Figure 4 Relationship between grinding fineness and copper concentrate grade and recovery rate

It can be seen from Fig. 4 that when the grinding fineness is -74μm 75%, the copper concentrate recovery rate and grade are higher, and the selection index is better.

(4) Priority flotation closed circuit test procedure

After the above-mentioned grinding fineness, activator and collector condition test, it is known that when the grinding fineness is -74 μm 75%, the activator sodium sulfide coarse selection is 800 g/t, the collector butyl sodium yellow The best effect can be obtained when the crude amount of the drug is l00g/t. In order to ensure the grade and recovery rate of the concentrate, a rough selection, three selections and three sweeps were selected as the priority flotation closed-circuit test procedure, as shown in Figure 5, and the test results are shown in Table 5.

Figure 5 Flotation closed circuit test process

Table 5 Flotation closed circuit test results

The flotation closed-circuit test can obtain an ideal index of copper concentrate yield of 1.98%, copper grade of 25.96%, and copper recovery of 76.62%.

Third, the recovery of silver in ore

According to the process mineralogy research on the ore sample, the valuable metal in the ore is in addition to copper, and the silver associated with copper is 10.3 g/t. When selecting copper, consider the recovery of associated silver.

The recovery of silver in ore is shown in Table 6.

Table 6 Recovery of silver in ore

After the flotation closed-circuit process test, the final silver grade in copper concentrate reached 264.2g/t, and the silver recovery rate was 57.16%. The recovery effect on silver was better.

Fourth, the conclusion

(1) The test ore sample contains 0.68% copper and 10.3 g/t silver. The main metal minerals in the ore are cuprite and malachite. The gangue minerals are mainly quartz, dolomite, muscovite and calcite.

(2) The combined copper oxide in the ore accounts for 26.47%, which is not optional copper, which may affect the recovery rate of copper. Since the ore is an oxidized ore, the minerals such as copper sulphide in the ore are in the process of further oxidation, and the surface activity of the mineral is different from that of the fresh copper sulphide, which has a certain influence on the flotation. The malachite in the ore is mainly produced in the form of aggregates in the form of aggregates, which is prone to muddy when crushed and has an adverse effect on flotation.

(III) A large number of conditional tests were carried out. The results of the final closed-loop test were: copper concentrate yield of 1.98%, copper grade of 25.96% and copper recovery of 76.62%.

(4) The useful precious metal silver in the ore sample is mainly associated with copper. The final silver concentrate has a silver grade of 264.2 g/t and a silver recovery of 57.16%.

(5) Since the test ore sample is collected from the surface layer of the ore body, the oxidation rate is high; as the depth of the ore body is changed, the sulfide minerals and grades in the ore will increase, and the mineral processing index will also increase, and the recovery rate is expected. More than 85%.

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